Sunday, September 30, 2018

Illesheim Germany Sept. 30, 1945.

Dear Mom & Dad,
        The last day of Sept. and
deep in Germany. The mail
has been bad in catching up to
us. I don't think you had
better write any more letters
to me. I don't know when
I will be leaving, but it will
be sometime between Oct. 5
and the 15. Tell the rest of
the family to stop writing
anymore letters also. It will
be so hard for the mail to
catch up with me. It probably
will follow me home.
    At one time I thought I
wouldn't make it by Christmas.
But now it looks like I
will be spending Thanksgiving
in the U.S with you folks.

   I was awarded the Rhineland
battle star which gave me 5
more points. This puts me
only 38th man on the list
for leaving.
     Mom, I am so excited about
comeing home I hardly know
what to write about anymore.
I will keep writing you folks
so you will know I am ok.
So don't send me anymore
mail at this address, or
any address as my next address
will be my regular home
address.
     Maybe this letter sounds
mixup, but it is a grand feeling.
Let the rest know about stopping
my mail. Goodnight for now.
Hope to see you soon.
                         Love Ralph.

The next letter will be posted on October 6th.

Background Information (and comments):

  • I could not find the Rhineland battle star, but here is some general information about bronze stars and bronze battle stars:

Bronze Star Medal

The Bronze Star Medal is a decoration awarded for heroic or meritorious achievement. This decoration was established on February 4, 1944 by Executive Order 9419 which states under Section B. the following:
"The Bronze Star Medal is awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army of the United States after 6 December 1941, distinguished himself or herself by heroic or meritorious achievement or service, not involving participation in aerial flight, in connection with military operations against an armed enemy; or while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party."
These provisions clearly state The Bronze Star Medal was designed specifically for those in the armed services not involved in aerial warfare. The Bronze Star was primarily created for the Army engaged in ground combat. In 1944 pressure from the Air Corps resulted in a change which allowed the decoration to also be awarded in recognition of the often heroic deeds of individuals on the ground such as ground crews maintaining fighters and bombers, and airmen performing deeds while not engaged in aerial combat.

Bronze Battle Star

The Bronze Battle Star is an attachment worn in conjunction with another medal, such as the Oak Leaf Cluster is worn with the Air Medal. The Bronze Battle Star is worn on the campaign ribbon (the Eastern Theater Offensive or "ETO" ribbon in the case of 398th vets), and denotes an individuals participation in a specific battle, engagement or offensive. The Bronze Battle Star is often called the following names in military documents and jargon: bronze star, battle star, or campaign star.
It is quite easy to see how these two distinct decorations can be easily mistaken for each other. What the vast majority of 398th vets have are one or more "Bronze Battle Stars", indicating their participation in a given engagement during their tour of duty. For example, my grandfather was awarded 5 Bronze Battle Stars to be worn with his ETO ribbon. He was awarded a Bronze Battle Star for each of the following engagements/battles:
  1. Air Offensive Europe,
  2. The Normandy Invasion,
  3. The Northern France Offensive,
  4. The Ardennes/Battle of the Bulge, and
  5. The Germany Invasion

Wednesday, September 26, 2018

Germany, Sept. 26, 1945.

Dear Mother & Dad,
      Well here I am in Germany.
I was one of the last men to leave
Belgium. When I arrived here
I learned Glen Pyle my buddy
had left yesterday for home. He
was one swell fellow. I hated to
break away from him. I guess that
is what army life does to a fellow.
      Well I suppose you are wondering
where in Germany I am at. The
name of the nearest village is
Illesheim. It is 32 miles
directly west of Nurenburg.
Windsheim Germany, where Harley
said he was at is about 2 miles
from here. This must be the
German airfield he stayed at.
My ride up here was very

interesting. I am sending you
our routing so you can really
know the places I was at.
    Boy, the German people are
a people without a smile. No
one gives even a cheery glance
at you. It is just a cold stare.
    Cologne is a city of rubble.
If you could just picture the city
of Toledo just crumpling down
and all the bridges falling into
the river you can imagine how
this place looks. They brought it
onto themselves.
     I am rather tired tonight so
I think I will hit the bed early.
It was a rough drive, and a lot
of detours for bridges being out.
We are in barracks again. The
first time for almost a year.

   It certainly seems good, not to
be living in tents. I have a room
with two other fellows. We have
a radio and the showers and toilets
are in the same building. It seems
almost to good to be true.
   Well I must close for now. As
the plans stand now, I will be
leaving for home sometime
in November. Hope to see you soon
after that.
                                  Love Ralph.


The next letter will be posted on Sept. 30th.

Background Information (and comments):

  • Here is information about Illesheim and maps of both Illesheim and Windsheim:
The map above gives you an idea of the distance from Ralph's trip between Belgium (near Brussels) and Illesheim (you have to look very carefully).



The Illesheim Military Community is located in Germany in Northern Bavaria, approximately 45 minutes from the historic city of Nuernberg and two hours from Frankfurt, Germany. Storck Barracks occupies about 415 acres just outside of the Village of Illesheim. It is a subcommunity of USAG Ansbach. This installation is approximately 27 miles from Ansbach/Katterbach.




    This map shows both Bad Windsheim and Illesheim.


Sunday, September 23, 2018

Belgium Sept. 23.

Dear Mom & Dad,
     I bet this is about the earliest
I have written to you folks on
a Sunday morning. It is now
1:15 in the morning. I am Sgt
of the guard tonight so I have
plenty of time for writing letters.
     Well I finally received some
mail this week and I am glad
they are getting it straightened
out again.
     I suppose this will be
my last letter to you from
Belgium. Next Tues. I am
leaving for Germany. There are
about forty of us left here in
Belgium. I was on the advance
party comeing to Belgium and one
of the last ones to leave here.

    I have a jeep to drive to
Germany, so I will see plenty of
the country. It takes about two
days to drive to our next base
or 2 hours to fly. I would rather
drive. A person can see more
country this way.
     My buddy Glenn Pyle was
called to Germany today. He has
77 points so her will soon
be heading to the U.S. He lives
in Charles City Iwo Iowa and
wants me to come out there
after I get home.
     The radio say all men
with over 60 points will be
on their way home by Dec.31.
Our CO. told us we would
probably leave in Nov. Gosh
only a month or so to go.

I am hopeing I will be able
to get home in time for Christmas.
     It is to bad about Rev. Meyer
wanting to leave. I guess after
being in one place for awhile
preachers grow restless just like
soldiers do and have to have
a chang of scenery.
     Well this is all for tonight.
Hope I can make it by Xmas.
Goodbye.
                     Love
                          Ralph.


The next letter will be posted on September 26th.

Background Information (and comments):

  • Ralph was getting his news about the changing point system over the radio. Here is how it was being changed due to the surrender by Japan and why he feels he probably be home by Christmas:

When Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945, the demand for rapid demobilization from soldiers, their families, and Congress became unstoppable and all previous plans became moot. Conscription was reduced to 50,000 men per month, less than the military's requirements for replacements. Soldiers, sailors, and marines in the Pacific became eligible for demobilization. The points required for demobilization were reduced several times, reaching 50 points on December 19, 1945. Ten aircraft carriers, 26 cruisers, and six battleships were converted into troopships to bring soldiers home from Europe and the Pacific. Racial segregation on the troop ships created a problem. In December 1945, the Navy barred 123 African-American soldiers from sailing home because they could "not be segregated" on a troop ship.[15]
The War Department promised that all servicemen eligible for demobilization from Europe would be in the U.S. by February 1946 and from the Pacific by June 1946. One million men were discharged from the military in December 1945. Every congressman was "under constant and terrific pressure from servicemen and their families" to discharge soldiers more rapidly

Tuesday, September 18, 2018

Belgium Sept. 18, 1945.

Dear Mom & Dad,
      A little slow in writing
to you this week. I guess
everything is still in on a bad
way. I haven't moved up to
Germany yet, but expect to in a
few days. I get a jeep and will
drive through. It is somewhere
near four hundred miles. A
luitant [sic] will be with me. He
was a pilot and wants to
ride in a jeep so he can see
the country. I guess we will
make quite a trip out of it.
    I was in Brussels again this
past weekend. I guess it will be
the last time.
     Last Friday night someone
broke into our C-47's and

stole all the parachutes. There
are sixty eight missing and they
cost $700. a piece. Some black
market gang they think did it.
They can sell the silk out of them.
I received some mail this week
for a change. Had a letter from you
of Sept 5. Gosh it doesn't seem
possible that school has begun
again. I see by the Blissfield
paper, the sugar factory is going
to operate this year. Wish I could
get back to work there.
     Well they are sending fellows
out of our outfit fast now. High
points and age. I probably will
be leaving around the first of the
year. I don't think I will be
on my way or home for Christmas
but I probably will be home in
Feb. sometime.

As for Christmas present just
send me stuff to eat. I have
plenty of other things.
     We had the movie G.I.Joe
here tonight. It is Ernie Pyle's
story. It really is a realistic
picture.
     Had a letter from Harley. He says
they are going to make him into
a bugler. Also a letter from
Freeman. Gosh everyone has
been swell about writing. I try
to write everyone, but when I
start writing I run out of news.
I suppose everyone will bawl
me out for not writing sooner
but I can't help it. After I get
to Germany I will have more time
and things will be more settled
again. As now we are just

living where we can find a roof
over our heads and most of our
clothes packed away.
     Well I guess this is about
all for now. Please write as
often as possible. Goodnight for
now.
                      Love Ralph.


The next letter will be posted on September 23rd.

Background Information (and comments):


  • If you're wondering about parachutes being sold on the black market, here is an excerpt from a BBC website about what sometimes happened to parachutes during wartime:
Silk parachutes, which were constructed from triangles of material, could be unpicked, re-stitched into rectangles and re-cut to make luxurious underwear. Consequently, when an airman was seen to bail out there was frequently a race between the authorities and civilians to recover the parachute, while sometimes a portion could be bought on the black market.


  • Here is some information about the C-47 plane:
  • The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota is a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner. It was used extensively by the Allies during World War II and remains in front line service with various military operators.  
  • Here are 2 pieces of information about the movie G.I. Joe:
The Story of G.I. Joe was enthusiastically received upon its release. General Dwight D. Eisenhower went so far as to call it "the greatest war picture I've ever seen" and Wellman himself regarded it as the finest work of his career. James Agee characterized the film as a "tragic and eternal work of art," emphasizing the film's subtlety of conception: "With a slight shift of time and scene, men whose faces have become familiar simply aren't around any more. The fact is not commented on or in any way pointed; their absence merely creates its gradual vacuum and realization in the pit of the stomach. Things which seem at first tiresome, then to have become too much of a running gag, like the lascivious tongue-clacking of the professional stallion among the soldiers (Wally Cassell) or the Sergeant's continual effort to play the record of his son's voice, are allowed to run their risks without tip-off or apology. In the course of many repetitions they take on full obsessional power and do as much as anything could do to communicate the terrific weight of time, fatigue, and half-craziness which the picture is trying so successfully to make you live through." While recent World War II films such as Saving Private Ryan (1998) may go further in depicting the visceral horrors of war, the artistic achievement of The Story of G.I. Joe is arguably more lasting: it portrays the camaraderie, courage and underlying fear of the ordinary fighting man without once resorting to easy sentimentality. 

During World War II, American journalist Ernie Pyle (Burgess Meredith) goes abroad to write about the arduous experiences of stalwart members of the U.S. Army. In Africa and Europe, Pyle encounters brave soldiers who have put their lives in danger in order to defeat Hitler and Mussolini, including Lt. Bill Walker (Robert Mitchum), who is working hard to instill his men with a positive outlook, and Sgt. Steve Warnicki (Freddie Steele), whose young child is growing up back in America.
Initial releaseJune 18, 1945
Initial DVD releaseMay 23, 2000

Monday, September 10, 2018

Belgium Sept. 10.

Dear Mom & Dad,
      I will try to write you
folks a few lines tonight. It
is pretty hard to write any
thing just now. First of all we
aren't getting any mail. Half the
outfit is in Germany, and the
rest is here. The orderly
room has gone so we are
on detached service. I was
left here to pack the rest
of the propeller shop. So all
in all, everything is mixed
up. I had to move my bed
and junk so they could tear
the tent down. Where I am
living now there are no lights.
Some high point men have
already left our outfit. And

the 40 year olds are gone.
The 38 year old are leaving
this week. I expect we, with
less than seventy points will
leave in December some time.
I have sixty five points if you
are wondering what my score
is. It is all on service only.
     Saturday night, Pyle and
myself went to Brussels and
stayed all night. Had a room
in a hotel. It sure seemed
good to sleep between sheets
again. Woke up at 11 o'clock
the next morning.
     Well this will be all for
now. Tell the rest why I am
not writing just now.
                         Love
                              Ralph.


The next letter will be posted on September 18th.

Background Information (and comments):

  • Detached Service: off on an errand, or simply reporting for duty at another unit/location

  • Here is some information about the point system (which had changes from Sept 1945 - Dec. 1945). You can see where Ralph's 65 points put him.

Post-war changes[edit]

By September 1945, the War Department redesignated all units in Europe as either Occupation Forces (personnel with either the lowest scores or who were volunteers), Redeployment Forces (those with the highest score being sent back to the United States) or Liquidation Forces (troops with middle scores of 60–79 points) who were required to close down former front line facilities such as munition dumps or field hospitals.
Nevertheless, the ASR began to create problems for the US Army in post-war Germany as high-scoring personnel plus the attrition caused by sickness, compassionate leave and accidents meant continual loss of many experienced officers and NCOs.
By December 1, 1945, a new policy was started, which was based on a combination of ASR score and length of service. The points required were as follows:
  • Officers (excluding Medical Department & WAC) = 70 pts + 4 years of military service
  • Women's Army Corps officers = 37 pts
  • Medical Department officers = 55 pts
  • All enlisted men = 50 pts + 4 years of military service
  • All enlisted women = 32 pts

All enlisted fathers with three or more children (under 18 years) were immediately eligible for discharge irrespective of their time in military service.[1]

Monday, September 3, 2018

Belgium Sept. 3.

Dear Mother & Dad,
      September already and it
doesn't seem as if summer
should be started. Today is
the day Brussels was liberated
one year ago. I was in Brussels
yesterday and they sure were
doing a lot of celebrating. Gee
it doesn't seem possible today
could be labor day. It was
three years ago I came home
for my first time in uniform.
I never expected to be away
this long.
     Well mother, in your
last letter you asked me
what I wanted for Christmas.
Don't feel hurt but I don't
think you had better send

me anything this year for
Christmas. As rumors have
it now, there is a good chance
of me being home by Christmas.
If I don't make it home by
Christmas it will be soon after
and that will be Christmas
enough for me. I sure will
be glad to get home. I don't know
just how soon we will start
home or how long it will take.
Everyone says it will be by
the first of the year, and that
is only four months to go.
    If you do send anything just make
it something to eat. Nothing expenses
or that I will have to carry
around. I have all the clothes I
need. Tell the rest of the folks
the same as I have told you.

   I think this will be my last
letter from Belgium as we are
moving into Germany. Then we
will turn over the depot to
some other outfit and homeward
bound. Gosh that sounds good.
Quite a few 85 point men and
35 to 38 year old men in our
out are sweating it out to move.
   Well this is about all for this
letter. About the best new
you have had from me. Don't
be over anxious for me though.
This is the worse part for me.
Just waiting around. Goodnight
for now.
                               Love Ralph.


The next letter will be posted on September 10th.

Background Information (and comments):

  • Here is some information about the point system:

History[edit]

As the end of the war in Europe became a reality, the US War Department began planning for the redeployment of Army personnel following the end of hostilities. The Readjustment Regulations were first introduced on September 15, 1944, and revised February 15, 1945, and again on March 5, 1945.
The rules were simple in general principle: "those who had fought longest and hardest should be returned home for discharge first." The US Army divided units of the European Theater of Operations into four categories:
  1. Troops already designated as Occupation Forces (such as the Third and Seventh Army)
  2. Troops that had been overseas for less than one year, or those: a) to be redeployed directly to the Pacific; b) to be redeployed to the Pacific by way of the United States; c) to be redeployed to the US to be placed in strategic reserve.
  3. Troops or units to be organized (or re-organized) in the European Theater for roles as either Occupation Forces or as troops being redeployed to the Pacific Theater of Operations.
  4. Troops with long overseas service that were to remain in Europe only while needed, and then to be returned to the US for inactivation.
New replacement troops would replace the "veterans" returning home.

Initial criteria[edit]

An enlisted man needed a score of 85 points to be considered for demobilization. The scores were determined as follows:[1]
  1. Month in service = 1 pt
  2. Month in service overseas = 1 pt
  3. Combat awards (including campaign medals and battle stars) = 5 pts
  4. Dependent child under 18 = 12 pts
Time of service was calculated from September 16, 1940.[2] The four criteria were the only ones from which points were calculated. No points were issued for age, marriage or dependents over the age of 18. Battles and awards were also only accepted from a predetermined list.[1]

Classes[edit]


Liberty ships that would be used by the U.S. War Shipping Administrationto transfer men and equipment from Europe to the Far East in May 1945.
Different scores were set for troops in the US ArmyUS Army Air ForcesWomen’s Army Corps and holders of the Medal of Honor.

Officers[edit]

Before the surrender of Japan, officers who may have had to serve again in combat were assessed not only on their ASR score but also on their efficiency and military specialities. Most high-scoring officers could have expected an early discharge after VE Day. The qualifying score was revised down to 80 points after VJ Day. In the coming months it would be lowered again.[2]

Medical personnel[edit]

Scores varied before the end of May 1945 by varied department in the Medical Corps.
  • Medical Administrative Corps (MAC) = 88 pts
  • Medical Corps (MC) = 85 pts (plus specialty)
  • Nurses Corps = 71 pts
  • Physical Therapists = 65 pts
  • Hygienists and Dietitians = 62 Points
The discharge program continued until the end July 1945 until the demand to ship personnel and equipment to the Pacific became so great that Medical units were prevented from shipping back to the United States for inactivation. However all transfers to the Pacific were abruptly halted with announcement of the Japanese surrender on August 14, 1945.[3]